一文带你了解从句-虚拟语气（必考）？-（此文持续更新中）

虚拟语气是英语语法的核心组成部分，在四六级和考研等考试中既是重点也是难点。以下是详细的从句内容梳理，并特别标注了不同考试的侧重方向。

一、四六级高频考点速记

核心考点1：三大基本虚拟条件句

结构必须熟记：

真题常见考法：

• If I ______ you, I would take the job.
  A. am B. was C. were D. be
  ✅ C (与现在事实相反，be用were)

• If he had studied harder, he ______ the exam.
  A. would pass B. passed C. would have passed D. had passed
  ✅ C (与过去事实相反)

核心考点2：名词性从句中的虚拟

公式：表示“建议、要求、命令、重要性”的词 + that + (should) + 动词原形

真题示例：

• It is essential that every child ______ the same educational opportunities.
  A. has B. had C. have D. would have
  ✅ C (should省略，用动词原形)

核心考点3：wish从句

• 现在：wish + 过去式 (I wish I were...)

• 过去：wish + had done (I wish I had done...)

• 将来：wish + would/could do (I wish it would stop...)

二、考研深度考点

难点1：混合时间虚拟

过去假设 + 现在结果 / 现在假设 + 过去结果

经典结构：

• If + had done..., ...would do... (过去影响现在)

• If + did..., ...would have done... (现在对过去的假设)

考研例句：

• If you had taken my advice yesterday, you wouldn’t be in trouble now.
  (昨天没听建议→现在有麻烦)

• If I were you, I would have accepted that offer last year.
  (现在我是你→去年会接受)

难点2：省略if的倒装

考研必考！ 见到以下三种开头直接判断为虚拟：

1. Were I/you... (如果我是你...)

2. Had he/she... (如果他/她...)

3. Should it... (如果万一...)

示例：

• ______ for your help, I would have been in real trouble.
  A. Had it not been B. Were it not C. Should it not be
  ✅ A (Had it not been = If it had not been)

难点3：特殊句型

1. It is (high) time that + 过去式

   • It is time we left. (该走了)

   • It is high time you apologized. (早该道歉了)

2. would rather + 从句

   • I’d rather you didn’t smoke here. (现在/将来)

   • I’d rather you had told me earlier. (过去)

3. as if/though + 虚拟

   • He talks as if he were an expert. (现在)

   • She looked as if she had seen a ghost. (过去)

三、实战解题技巧

步骤口诀：

1. 看时间 → 确定是现在、过去还是将来假设

2. 找标志 → 找if, wish, suggest等关键词

3. 套结构 → 对应上面表格的结构

4. 辨省略 → 检查是否倒装或should省略

易错点提醒：

1. suggest不是100%用虚拟

   • He suggested that we (should) leave. (建议→虚拟)

   • His smile suggested that he was happy. (表明→不用虚拟)

2. if条件句中，would不能出现在从句

   • ❌ If I would have time... (错)

   • ✅ If I had time... (对)

3. insist的两种含义

   • He insisted that we (should) stay. (坚决要求→虚拟)

   • He insisted that he was right. (坚持认为→不用虚拟)

四、写作高分句型（考研应用）

五、考前速查表

最后建议：

• 四六级考生：熟记三大基本结构和suggest类动词+should do，足以应对大部分题目。

• 考研考生：必须掌握混合虚拟、倒装省略，并在写作中适当使用高分虚拟句型。