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中国自古以来就是一个爱好和平、爱好交流的国家,且这一特性自古代便有之。我们知道,自古以来,中国就是一个幅员辽阔的国家,我们有着诸多邻邦,并且身为一个大国,我们始终友好的主动与邻国建立联系,这一点在我国古代丝绸之路的发展上就体现的淋漓尽致,可以说,丝绸之路为我国古代社会的发展和文明的传播做出了巨大的贡献,那么,这个在历史上持续为中国发展做出巨大贡献的丝绸之路,它的前世今生又是怎样的呢?
陆上丝绸之路起源于西汉(前202年—8年)汉武帝派张骞出使西域开辟的以首都长安(今西安)为起点,经甘肃、新疆,到中亚、西亚,并连接地中海各国的陆上通道。东汉时期丝绸之路的起点在洛阳 。它的最初作用是运输中国古代出产的丝绸,在明朝时期成为综合贸易之路。1877年,德国地质地理学家李希霍芬在其著作《中国》一书中,把“从公元前114年至公元127年间,中国与中亚、中国与印度间以丝绸贸易为媒介的这条西域交通道路”命名为“丝绸之路”,这一名词很快被学术界和大众所接受,并正式运用。
Gloria Reading 96 | 物理学 | J级别
Silk is a thin , yet extremely strong , fiber . It is made from protein that silkworms produce when they make their cocoons . Thousands of years ago , ancient Chinese artisans began weaving silk fiber into a soft , smooth fabric . A precious textile , silk was at first reserved for exclusive use by the Chinese imperial court , Court artisans used it to create drapes and banners that displayed royal prestige . Chinese officials decreed that silk - making methods must remain China ’s secret rulers ordered that anyone who revealed these methods to foreigners would be put to death .
However , the existence of silk did not remain a secret . On diplomatic visits to neighboring rulers , Chinese envoys carried gifts of silk . By the first century BC , the Romans had become familiar with this exotic luxury item . It soon grew wildly popular in the West . Western rulers issued edicts that controlled silk prices . As in China , silk was designated a solely royal fabric . Trading for silk was a principal motivation for merchants who searched for routes from Europe to the Far East .
While silk was probably the earliest catalyst for trade route creation , traders carried a wide range of goods. These included animal hides , wool items , Cotton cloth , fruits , grains , and vegetables . Merchants also dealt in artworks , metalworks , precious stones , religious objects , spices , tools , and wine .
Over the centuries , different main routes developed . Later they Came to be known as “ The Silk Road ,” but the word " Road ” should have been plural . Tradesmen traveling east or west could choose among routes that crossed many regions of Eastern Europe , the Middle East , Central Asia , and the Far East . In addition , sailors discovered sea routes . Trading vessels carried goods from China and Southeast Asia across the Indian Ocean to Africa , India , and the Near East . Sea routes even reached Venice , Italy , by crossing the Mediterranean .
The Silk Road played an important role in bringing diverse cultures and peoples into contact . To make successful deals , merchants had to learn the languages and customs of the countries they traversed . As they journeyed along the Silk Road , people shared knowledge about arts , crafts , literature , science , and technologies . For example , Chinese paper - making techniques spread worldwide . Over hundreds of years ,cultures , languages , and religions influenced one another . Perhaps Chinese silk influenced history more extensively than any single famous person you can name , excluding religious leaders.
1. Which of these is a pair of synonyms ?
A. artisans , envoys
B. exclusively , solely
C. edicts , routes
D. journeyed , influenced
2.Which phrase from the passage sums up its most important point ?
A.“ began weaving silk fiber into a soft , smooth fabric”(paragraph1)
B. “merchants who searched tor routes from Europe to the Far East ”( paragraph 22)
C. “came to be known as ‘The Silk Road ,’but .. plural ”(paragraph4)
D.“bringing diverse cultures and peoples into contact ”(paragraph5)
3.What was the Chinese rulers‘ probable motive for keeping silk - making methods secret ?
________________________________________________________________________________
4.Infer why routes were called “ The Silk Road ”despite the wide variety of trade goods .
________________________________________________________________________________
5.How did developing trade routes cause various cultures to influence one another ?
________________________________________________________________________________
Reading 96:
No. | Word | Part of Speech | Meaning (English) | Meaning |
1 | fiber | N. | a leatherlike material made by compressing layers of paper or cloth | (动植物的)纤维;纤维质 |
2 | textile | N. | any type of cloth made by weaving or knitting | 纺织品 |
3 | exclusive | Adj. | only to be used by one particular person or group; only given to one particular person or group | 专用的,专有的,独有的,独占的 |
4 | prestige | N. | the respect and admiration that sb/sth has because of their social position, or what they have done | 威信;声望;威望 |
5 | diplomatic | Adj. | connected with managing relations between countries (= diplomacy ) | 外交的;从事外交的 |
6 | exotic | Adj. | from or in another country, especially a tropical one; seeming exciting and unusual because it is connected with foreign countries | 来自异国(尤指热带国家)的;奇异的;异国情调的;异国风味的 |
7 | motivation | n. | Your motivation for doing something is what causes you to want to do it. | 动机;动力;诱因 |
8 | extensively | Adv. | Something that is extensive covers or includes a large physical area. | 广大地;广泛地 |
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Answers
1. B
2. D
3. Probably they worried that foreigners who knew how to make silk wouldn ’ t trade for Chinese silk .
4. Silk was probably the first precious product that motivated merchants to create trade routes .
5. When traders from different cultures met along the trade routes . they shared knowledge .
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